Food Allergies, Sensitivities, and Intolerances
Food allergies, food sensitivities and food intolerances are often used interchangeably; are they the same? No! Here is a quick breakdown to better understand the differences.
Food allergies--least common (affect ~1-2% of the population) but are the most dangerous. A hyper-reaction of the immune system caused by a massive release of histamine and other chemical mediators from specific white blood cells called mast cells and basophils. The triggering mechanism to cause the release of these chemicals is IgE antibodies. The most common are peanuts, other nuts, and shellfish. The reaction can (but not always) be severe causing anaphylactic shock and a person can die within minutes if they ingest even one molecule of their allergic food. Most immediate reactions are not usually life threatening but do cause uncomfortable symptoms.
Food sensitivities--known as a delayed food allergy . Reactions can be expressed in many different ways and can affect any organ system in the body from 45 minutes to days. Due to the delay in symptoms = complex and typically go undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Food sensitivities affect 20-30% of the population (they are also a reaction of the immune system). The triggering mechanisms are IgG (and their subclasses) Antibodies, IgM antibodies, C3, C4 (compliments). Symptoms are typically dose dependent.
Food intolerance--these (unlike food allergies and food sensitivities) do not affect the immune system. They have to do with the digestive system. When the body doesn't have the ability to properly digest a certain food it begins to ferment inside the gut, causing symptoms. A common food intolerance is when someone lacks the enzyme lactase causing them to experience gastrointestinal symptoms when they have dairy. Their body can’t break down the sugar, lactose, in dairy causing bloating, gas and/or diarrhea.
Food reactions can be overwhelming. It can be extremely hard to find the true root of what is causing them. New Perspective Nutrition is here to help guide you. Reach out today to learn more.
